The techniques of elite male long jumpers

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(86)90136-3

Journal of Biomechanics

Volume 19, Issue 10, 1986, Pages 855-866

https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(86)90136-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

A model was developed to identify the characteristics of long jumping technique that determine the distance of the jump. The performances of the finalists in the TAC (U.S. national) Championships were recorded cinematographically and the best trials analyzed. The results indicated that the relative lengths of the last two strides of the approach are poor indicators of success in the event. Maximum horizontal velocities were usually attained at takeoff into the third- or second-last stride and not exclusively during the second-last stride, as previously reported. None of the subjects had either a zero or upward vertical velocity of the center of gravity at touchdown of the foot for takeoff into the jump, contrary to an argument occasionally advanced. The greatest percentages of the variance in the distance of the jump were accounted for by (a) the horizontal velocity at takeoff into the fourth-last stride, (b) the change in horizontal velocity during the next support phase, (c) the horizontal and resultant velocities at takeoff and (d) the flight distance.

References (33)

S.I. Aleshinsky et al.
R. Ballreich et al.
Biomechanische Individual-analysen
G.K. Bhattacharyya et al.
P.J. Blommers et al.
K. Bosen
The long jump: hitch-kick style
P. Bruggeman et al.
Gender-speific differences in the biomechanics of light athletic jumps
P. Bruggeman et al.
Biomechanische Untersuchungen beim Weitsprung
Lehre Leichtathletik
(1982)
P. Bruggeman et al.
Biomechanische Untersuchungen beim Weitsprung
Lehre Leichtathletik
(1982)
C.E. Clauser et al.
Weight, Volume and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body
C.E. Clauser et al.
Weight, Volume and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body
R. Conrad
U.S. sure to mine metal in long jump
Track Field News
(1984)
V.M. Diachkov
Teaching Track and Field Exercises
(1950)

V.M. Diachkov

Long Jump

(1953)

V.M. Diatchkov

Der Weitsprung

(1953)

L. Dursenev

Will ‘somersault long jump’ be?

Legkaia Atletika

(1974)

G.H.G. Dyson

Haven and Smith (1981) Cited in Payne and Payne (1981), p....

J.G. Hay

Cited by (67)

Generation of forward angular impulse with different initial conditions
2023, Human Movement Science
Citation Excerpt :
In contrast, during the take-off phase of a forward jump initiated with initial horizontal momentum (e.g., long jump, running front salto), the feet are positioned anteriorly to the CoM (Hay et al., 1986; McNitt-Gray, 2018; Ramos et al., 2019). The between-task differences in the position of the CoM relative to the feet allow the CoM trajectory and the net linear and angular impulse generated during foot contact to satisfy the task-specific linear and angular momentum requirements (Hay et al., 1986; McNitt-Gray, 2018; Ramos et al., 2019). Regulating the CoM trajectory relative to the RF during forward rotating tasks performed with and without initial momentum is expected to involve alterations in trunk-leg coordination contributing to CoM trajectory, RF generation, and mechanical demands imposed on the lower extremity joints (Mathiyakom, McNitt-Gray, & Wilcox, 2006a,b, 2007; McNitt-Gray, 2018; Mathiyakom et al., 2021).
Generation of angular impulse during foot contact is regulated by controlling the relative orientation between the total body center of mass (CoM) and the reaction force (RF) applied to the feet. Between-task differences in initial CoM horizontal momentum were hypothesized to alter how forward angular impulse was generated during two forward translating tasks. Five skilled athletes performed standing (SFS) and running (RFS) forward somersaulting dives. Sagittal plane kinematics and RFs were obtained during the take-off phase of both tasks. The initial CoM momentum differences resulted in significant differences in control of the CoM relative to the RF, RF generation mechanisms, and knee and hip net joint moments (NJMs). During the RFS, angular impulse was generated by positioning the feet anterior to the CoM at initial contact so that the RF passed posterior to the CoM throughout the take-off phase. During the SFS, angular impulse was generated by positioning the CoM anterior to the feet prior to the push interval so that the RF passed posterior to the CoM. Task-specific differences in segment kinematics and RF direction contributed to the redistribution of knee and hip NJMs. These results suggest that initial conditions influence strategies the nervous system uses to satisfy task objectives.
Sports Skill Analysis
2024, Sports Skill Analysis
Muscle Contributions to Take-Off Velocity in the Long Jump
2023, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis
2023, Biology of Sport
The Effect of Blended Learning New Technologies and Direct Video Feedback on the Long Jump Technique in Primary School Students
2022, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Fundamentals of biomechanics
2021, Fundamentals of Biomechanics

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

The techniques of elite male long jumpers

Abstract

Biomechanische Individual-analysen

The long jump: hitch-kick style

Gender-speific differences in the biomechanics of light athletic jumps

Biomechanische Untersuchungen beim Weitsprung

Lehre Leichtathletik

Biomechanische Untersuchungen beim Weitsprung

Lehre Leichtathletik

Weight, Volume and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body

Weight, Volume and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body

U.S. sure to mine metal in long jump

Track Field News

Teaching Track and Field Exercises

Long Jump

Der Weitsprung

Will ‘somersault long jump’ be?

Legkaia Atletika