The effect of surface roughness on the stress adaptation of trabecular architecture around a cylindrical implant

Luo, Gangming; Sadegh, Ali M.; Alexander, Harold; Jaffe, William; Scott, David; Cowin, Stephen C.

« Previous Next »Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 32, Issue 3 , Pages 275-284, March 1999

The effect of surface roughness on the stress adaptation of trabecular architecture around a cylindrical implant

Gangming Luo
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The School of Engineering of The City College and The Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
Ali M. Sadegh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The School of Engineering of The City College and The Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
Harold Alexander
- Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Institute, New York, NY, USA
William Jaffe
- Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Institute, New York, NY, USA
David Scott
- Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Institute, New York, NY, USA
Stephen C. Cowin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The School of Engineering of The City College and The Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: 107 West 86th Street, Apartment 4F, New York, NY 10024, USA. Tel.: 212 799 7970 (Office at Home), 212 650 5208 (Work); fax: 212 787 3757

Received 21 September 1998

Abstract

The effect of implant-bone bonding and the effect of implant surface roughness on bone remodeling near the bone–implant interface were studied by using a surface remodeling theory and the boundary element method. The study has shown that implant attachment plays an important role in bone remodeling near the implant. It has been observed in animal experiments and in clinical situations that the remodeled trabecular bone architecture around a cylindrical implant could vary, on one hand, from a hub surrounding the implant with a set of external spokes to, on the other hand, a hubless situation in which a set of spokes attach directly to the implant. It is shown here that the difference in these structures may be attributed to differences in implant attachment. The results show that the bone with perfect bonding or roller boundary condition without a gap remodeled to a hubless spoke trabecular bone architecture. On the other hand, the roller boundary condition with a specified gap yielded a spoke trabecular architecture with a hub or ring surrounding the implant. These quantitative results mirror the experimental and clinical observations. It is concluded that the hub is a consequence of the gap and not a consequence of the lack of friction between the implant and the bone.

Keywords: Trabecular architecture, Bone-implant interface, Surface roughness