Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 35, Issue 1 , Pages 95-107 , January 2002

A model for time-dependent flow in (giraffe jugular) veins: uniform tube properties

  • B.S. Brook

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44-114-2712541; fax: +44-114-2713403
    • ,
  • T.J. Pedley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, UK

,Accepted 1 August 2001.

References 

  1. Amberson WR. Physiologic adjustments to the standing posture. Univ. Ms. Sch. Med. Bull. 1943;27:127–145
  2. Brook, B.S., 1997. The effect of gravity on the haemodynamics of the giraffe jugular vein. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leeds.
  3. Brook, B.S., Falle, S.A.E.G., Pedley, T.J., 1999. Numerical solutions for unsteady gravity-driven flows in collapsible tubes: evolution and roll-wave instability of a steady state. Journal of Fluid Mechanics.
  4. Cowley, S.J., 1981. High Reynolds number flows through channels and tubes. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, August.
  5. Danahy DT, Ronan JA. Cervical venous hums in patients on chronic haemodialysis. New England Journal of Medicine. 1974;291:237–239
  6. Elad D, Kamm RD. Parametric evaluation of forced expiration using a numerical model. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 1989;111:109–199
  7. Elad D, Kamm RD, Shapiro AH. Choking phenomena in a lung-like model. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 1987;109:1–9
  8. Gauer, O.H., Thron, H.L., 1965. Handbook of physiology. In: Hamilton, W.F., Dow, P. (Eds.), Section , Circulation, chapter Postural changes in the Circulation. Vol. III. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society.
  9. Ghandi, J.B., 1983. Waves in collapsible tubes under the influence of gravity. Master's Thesis, MIT, Mechanical Engineering Department.
  10. Goetz RH, Keen EN. Some aspects of the cardiovascular system in the giraffe. Angiology. 1957;8:542–564
  11. Goetz RH, Warren JV, Gaver OH, Patterson JL, Doyle JT, Keen EM, et al. Circulation of the giraffe. Circulation Research. 1960;8:1049–1058
  12. Hargens AR, Watenpaugh DE, Breit GA. Control of circulatory function in altered gravitational fields. The Physiologist. 1992;35(1):S80–S83
  13. Hargens AR, Millard RW, Pettersson K, Johansen K. Gravitational haemodynamics and oedema prevention in the giraffe. Nature. 1987;329:59–60
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  15. Heistad, D.D., Kontos, H.A., 1983. Handbook of Physiology. In: Sheppard, J.T., Abboud, F.M. (Eds.), Section , The Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and OrganBlood Flow. Vol. III, chapter, Cerebral Circulation. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society.
  16. Henry JP, Gauer OH. The influence of temperature upon venous pressure in the foot. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1950;29:855–861
  17. Ludbrook, J. 1966. Aspects of Venous Function in the Lower Limbs. Springer, IL: C.C. Thomas.
  18. Mitchell, G., Skinner, J.D., 1993. How giraffe adapt to their extraordinary shape. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 48 (Part 2), 207–218.
  19. Olson DA, Kamm RD, Shapiro AH. Bioengineering studies of periodic external compression as prophylaxis against deep veins thrombosis — part ii: Experimental studies on a simulated leg. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 1982;104:96–104
  20. Pedley TJ. The fluid mechanics of large blood vessels.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1980;
  21. Pedley TJ. How giraffes prevent oedema. Nature. 1987;329:13–14
  22. Pedley TJ, Brook BS, Seymour RS. Blood pressure and flow rate in the giraffe jugular vein. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 1996;351:855–866
  23. Shapiro AH. Steady flow in collapsible tubes. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 1977;99:126–147
  24. Sjostrand T. The regulation of the blood distribution in man. Acta Physiology Scanning. 1952;26:312–327
  25. Van Citters RL, Kemper WS, Franklin DL. Blood flow and pressure in the giraffe carotid artery. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 1968;24:1035–1042
  26. Van Citters RL, Franklin DL, Vatner SE, Patrick T, Warren JV. Cerebral haemodynamics in the giraffe. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians. 1969;82:293–304

PII: S0021-9290(01)00159-2

Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 35, Issue 1 , Pages 95-107 , January 2002

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