Biomechanics of vertebral level, geometry, and transcortical tumors in the metastatic spine

Selected thoracic vertebral parametric dimensions. SCD, spinal canal depth; SCW, spinal canal width; SPD, spinous process depth; TVPW, transverse process width; TVPD, transverse process depth; TVPHt, transverse process height; VBHt, vertebral body height; VBW, vertebral body width; VBD, vertebral body depth; PHt, pedicle height; PW, pedicle width; MVBW, mid-vertebral body width; IVBW, inferior vertebral body width; IVBD, inferior vertebral body depth; IPA, inferior process angle; SPA, superior process angle.

Finite element mesh of T3 with applied vertebral angles. Endplate angles (EPAs) ranged from 0° to 2° and kyphotic angle (KA) ranged from 0° to 5°.

Transverse cross-section of tumor location scenarios modeled in this study. Each tumor volume was defined as 24% vertebral body volume.