Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 43, Issue 1 , Pages 63-70 , 5 January 2010

Emergent morphogenesis: Elastic mechanics of a self-deforming tissue

,Accepted 21 August 2009.

References 

  1. Amonlirdviman K, Khare NA, Tree DR, Chen WS, Axelrod JD, Tomlin CJ. Mathematical modeling of planar cell polarity to understand domineering nonautonomy. Science. 2005;307(5708):423–426
  2. Beyer T, Meyer-Hermann M. Multiscale modeling of cell mechanics and tissue organization. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 2009;28(2):38–45
  3. Brodland GW. Do lamellipodia have the mechanical capacity to drive convergent extension?. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2006;50(2–3):151–155
  4. Brodland GW, Chen HH. The mechanics of heterotypic cell aggregates: insights from computer simulations. J. Biomech. Eng. 2000;122(4):402–407
  5. Brodland GW, Veldhuis JH. Lamellipodium-driven tissue reshaping: a parametric study. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 2006;9(1):17–23
  6. Chen CS, Mrksich M, Huang S, Whitesides GM, Ingber DE. Geometric control of cell life and death. Science. 1997;276(5317):1425–1428
  7. Chen HH, Brodland GW. Cell-level finite element studies of viscous cells in planar aggregates. J. Biomech. Eng. 2000;122(4):394–401
  8. Chen X, Brodland GW. Multi-scale finite element modeling allows the mechanics of amphibian neurulation to be elucidated. Phys. Biol. 2008;5(1):15003
  9. Cheng LY. Deformation analyses in cell and developmental biology. Part I—formal methodology. J. Biomech. Eng. 1987;109(1):10–17
  10. Cheng LY. Deformation analyses in cell and developmental biology. Part II—mechanical experiments on cells. J. Biomech. Eng. 1987;109(1):18–24
  11. Cheshire AM, Kerman BE, Zipfel WR, Spector AA, Andrew DJ. Kinetic and mechanical analysis of live tube morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 2008;237(10):2874–2888
  12. Concha ML, Adams RJ. Oriented cell divisions and cellular morphogenesis in the zebrafish gastrula and neurula: a time-lapse analysis. Development. 1998;125(6):983–994
  13. Cowin SC. How is a tissue built?. J. Biomech. Eng. 2000;122(6):553–569
  14. Davidson LA, Keller RE. Neural tube closure in Xenopus laevis involves medial migration, directed protrusive activity, cell intercalation and convergent extension. Development. 1999;126(20):4547–4556
  15. Davidson LA, Koehl MA, Keller R, Oster GF. How do sea urchins invaginate? Using biomechanics to distinguish between mechanisms of primary invagination. Development. 1995;121(7):2005–2018
  16. Davidson LA, Marsden M, Keller R, Desimone DW. Integrin alpha5beta1 and fibronectin regulate polarized cell protrusions required for Xenopus convergence and extension. Curr. Biol. 2006;16(9):833–844
  17. Davidson, L.A., Von Dassow, M., Zhou, J., 2009a. Multi-scale mechanics from molecules to morphogenesis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
  18. Davidson, L.A., Von Dassow, M., Zhou, J., 2009b. Multi-scale mechanics from molecules to morphogenesis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41, 2147–2162.
  19. Domingo C, Keller R. Induction of notochord cell intercalation behavior and differentiation by progressive signals in the gastrula of Xenopus laevis. Development. 1995;121(10):3311–3321
  20. Elul T, Keller R. Monopolar protrusive activity: a new morphogenic cell behavior in the neural plate dependent on vertical interactions with the mesoderm in xenopus. Dev. Biol. 2000;224(1):3–19
  21. Elul TM, Koehl MAR, Keller RE. Cellular mechanism underlying neural convergence and extension in Xenopus laevis embryos. Dev. Biol. 1997;191:243–258
  22. Engler AJ, Sen S, Sweeney HL, Discher DE. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell. 2006;126(4):677–689
  23. Engler AJ, Sweeney HL, Discher DE, Schwarzbauer JE. Extracellular matrix elasticity directs stem cell differentiation. J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact. 2007;7(4):335
  24. Ezin AM, Skoglund P, Keller R. The midline (notochord and notoplate) patterns the cell motility underlying convergence and extension of the Xenopus neural plate. Dev. Biol. 2003;256(1):100–114
  25. Ezin AM, Skoglund P, Keller R. The presumptive floor plate (notoplate) induces behaviors associated with convergent extension in medial but not lateral neural plate cells of Xenopus. Dev. Biol. 2006;300(2):670–686
  26. Farhadifar R, Roper JC, Aigouy B, Eaton S, Julicher F. The influence of cell mechanics, cell–cell interactions, and proliferation on epithelial packing. Curr. Biol. 2007;17(24):2095–2104
  27. Ghysels P, Samaey G, Tijskens B, Van Liedekerke P, Ramon H, Roose D. Multi-scale simulation of plant tissue deformation using a model for individual cell mechanics. Phys. Biol. 2009;6(1):16009
  28. Gong Y, Mo C, Fraser SE. Planar cell polarity signalling controls cell division orientation during zebrafish gastrulation. Nature. 2004;430(7000):689–693
  29. Hardin J, Walston T. Models of morphogenesis: the mechanisms and mechanics of cell rearrangement. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2004;14(4):399–406
  30. Hutson MS, Ma X. Mechanical aspects of developmental biology: perspectives on growth and form in the (post)-genomic age. Preface Phys. Biol. 2008;5(1):15001
  31. Ingber DE. Mechanical control of tissue morphogenesis during embryological development. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2006;50(2–3):255–266
  32. Kafer J, Hayashi T, Maree AF, Carthew RW, Graner F. Cell adhesion and cortex contractility determine cell patterning in the Drosophila retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007;104(47):18549–18554
  33. Kalantarian A, Ninomiya H, Saad SM, David R, Winklbauer R, Neumann AW. Axisymmetric drop shape analysis for estimating the surface tension of cell aggregates by centrifugation. Biophys. J. 2009;96:1606–1616
  34. Keller R. Shaping the vertebrate body plan by polarized embryonic cell movements. Science. 2002;298(5600):1950–1954
  35. Keller R. Mechanisms of elongation in embryogenesis. Development. 2006;133(12):2291–2302
  36. Keller R, Danilchik M. Regional expression, pattern and timing of convergence and extension during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis. Development. 1988;103(1):193–209
  37. Keller R, Shook D, Skoglund P. The forces that shape embryos: physical aspects of convergent extension by cell intercalation. Phys. Biol. 2008;5(1):15007
  38. Komiya Y, Habas R. Wnt signal transduction pathways. Organogenesis. 2008;4(2):68–75
  39. Krieg M, Arboleda-Estudillo Y, Puech PH, Kafer J, Graner F, Muller DJ, et al. Tensile forces govern germ-layer organization in zebrafish. Nat. Cell. Biol. 2008;10(4):429–436
  40. Kumar S, Weaver VM. Mechanics, malignancy, and metastasis: the force journey of a tumor cell. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2009;28(1–2):113–127
  41. Lecuit T. “Developmental mechanics”: cellular patterns controlled by adhesion, cortical tension and cell division. HFSP J. 2008;2(2):72–78
  42. Lecuit T, Lenne PF. Cell surface mechanics and the control of cell shape, tissue patterns and morphogenesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007;8(8):633–644
  43. Lopez JI, Mouw JK, Weaver VM. Biomechanical regulation of cell orientation and fate. Oncogene. 2008;27(55):6981–6993
  44. Mori Y, Jilkine A, Edelstein-Keshet L. Wave-pinning and cell polarity from a bistable reaction–diffusion system. Biophys J. 2008;94(9):3684–3697
  45. Myers DC, Sepich DS, Solnica-Krezel L. Bmp activity gradient regulates convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev. Biol. 2002;243:81–98
  46. Myers DC, Sepich DS, Solnica-Krezel L. Convergence and extension in vertebrate gastrulae: cell movements according to or in search of identity?. Trends Genet. 2002;18:447–455
  47. Ninomiya H, Winklbauer R. Epithelial coating controls mesenchymal shape change through tissue-positioning effects and reduction of surface-minimizing tension. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008;10(1):61–69
  48. Oster G, Weliky M. Morphogenesis by cell rearrangement: a computer simulation approach. Semin. Dev. Biol. 1990;1:313–323
  49. Pouille PA, Ahmadi P, Brunet AC, Farge E. Mechanical signals trigger Myosin II redistribution and mesoderm invagination in Drosophila embryos. Sci. Signal. 2009;2(66):ra16
  50. Quintin S, Gally C, Labouesse M. Epithelial morphogenesis in embryos: asymmetries, motors and brakes. Trends Genet. 2008;24(5):221–230
  51. Ramasubramanian A, Latacha KS, Benjamin JM, Voronov DA, Ravi A, Taber LA. Computational model for early cardiac looping. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2006;34(8):1655–1669
  52. Rauzi M, Verant P, Lecuit T, Lenne PF. Nature and anisotropy of cortical forces orienting Drosophila tissue morphogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008;10(12):1401–1410
  53. Rozario T, Dzamba B, Weber GF, Davidson LA, DeSimone DW. The physical state of fibronectin matrix differentially regulates morphogenetic movements in vivo. Dev. Biol. 2008;327(2):386–398
  54. Shih J, Keller R. Cell motility driving mediolateral intercalation in explants of Xenopus laevis. Development. 1992;116:901–914
  55. Shih J, Keller R. Patterns of cell motility in the organizer and dorsal mesoderm of Xenopus laevis. Development. 1992;116:915–930
  56. Shook D, Keller R. Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in early development. Mech. Dev. 2003;120(11):1351–1383
  57. Solnica-Krezel L. Conserved patterns of cell movements during vertebrate gastrulation. Curr. Biol. 2005;15(6):R213–R228
  58. Stern CD. Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2004;
  59. Vincent JV. Structural Biomaterials. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1990;
  60. Vogel V, Sheetz MP. Cell fate regulation by coupling mechanical cycles to biochemical signaling pathways. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2009;21(1):38–46
  61. Voiculescu O, Bertocchini F, Wolpert L, Keller RE, Stern CD. The amniote primitive streak is defined by epithelial cell intercalation before gastrulation. Nature. 2007;449(7165):1049–1052
  62. von Dassow M, Davidson LA. Natural variation in embryo mechanics: gastrulation in Xenopus laevis is highly robust to variation in tissue stiffness. Dev. Dyn. 2009;238:2–18
  63. Wagstaff LJ, Bellett G, Mogensen MM, Munsterberg A. Multicellular rosette formation during cell ingression in the avian primitive streak. Dev. Dyn. 2008;237(1):91–96
  64. Wallingford JB, Fraser SE, Harland RM. Convergent extension: the molecular control of polarized cell movement during embryonic development. Dev. Cell. 2002;2(6):695–706
  65. Weliky M, Minsuk S, Keller R, Oster G. Notochord morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis: simulation of cell behavior underlying tissue convergence and extension. Development. 1991;113(4):1231–1244
  66. Weliky M, Oster G. The mechanical basis of cell rearrangement. I. Epithelial morphogenesis during Fundulus epiboly. Development. 1990;109(2):373–386
  67. Wilson P, Keller R. Cell rearrangement during gastrulation of Xenopus: direct observation of cultured explants. Development. 1991;112(1):289–300
  68. Wilson PA, Oster G, Keller R. Cell rearrangement and segmentation in Xenopus: direct observation of cultured explants. Development. 1989;105(1):155–166
  69. Wozniak MA, Chen CS. Mechanotransduction in development: a growing role for contractility. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2009;10:34–43
  70. Xia N, Thodeti CK, Hunt TP, Xu Q, Ho M, Whitesides GM, et al. Directional control of cell motility through focal adhesion positioning and spatial control of Rac activation. FASEB J. 2008;
  71. Yin C, Kiskowski M, Pouille PA, Farge E, Solnica-Krezel L. Cooperation of polarized cell intercalations drives convergence and extension of presomitic mesoderm during zebrafish gastrulation. J. Cell Biol. 2008;180(1):221–232
  72. Zajac M, Jones GL, Glazier JA. Model of convergent extension in animal morphogenesis. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000;85(9):2022–2025
  73. Zajac M, Jones GL, Glazier JA. Simulating convergent extension by way of anisotropic differential adhesion. J. Theor. Biol. 2003;222(2):247–259
  74. Zallen JA, Zallen R. Cell-pattern disordering during convergent extension in Drosophila. J. Phys.—Condens. Matter. 2004;16(44):S5073–S5080
  75. Zhou J, Kim HY, Davidson LA. Actomyosin stiffens the vertebrate embryo during critical stages of elongation and neural tube closure. Development. 2009;136:677–688

PII: S0021-9290(09)00501-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.09.010

Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 43, Issue 1 , Pages 63-70 , 5 January 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution