Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 43, Issue 12 , Pages 2249-2253 , 26 August 2010

Handwriting: Hand–pen contact force synergies in circle drawing tasks

  • Jae Kun Shim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
    • Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
    • Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
    • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Kinesiology; Fischell Department of Bioengineering; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Tel.: +13014059240; fax: +13014055578.
  • ,
  • Alexander W. Hooke

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
  • ,
  • You-Sin Kim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
  • ,
  • Jaebum Park

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
  • ,
  • Sohit Karol

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
  • ,
  • Yoon Hyuk Kim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea

,Accepted 16 April 2010.

References 

  1. Blau T. The torque test: a measure of cerebral dominance. JSAS Cat. Sel. Doc. Psychol. 1977;7(16):(Ms. no. 1431)
  2. Bo J, Bastian AJ, Contreras-Vidal JL, Kagerer FA, Clark JE. Continuous and discontinuous drawing: high temporal variability exists only in discontinuous circling in young children. J. Mot. Behav. 2008;40(5):391–399
  3. Chao EY, An KN. Graphical interpretation of the solution to the redundant problem in biomechanics. J. Biomech. Eng. 1978;100:159–168
  4. Demarest J, Demarest L. Does the 'torque test' measure cerebral dominance in adults?. Percept. Mot. Skills. 1980;50(1):155–158
  5. Dul J, Johnson GE, Shiavi R, Townsend MA. Muscular synergism—ii. A minimum-fatigue criterion for load sharing between synergistic muscles. J. Biomech. 1984;17(9):675–684
  6. Fernandes DN, Chau T. Fractal dimensions of pacing and grip force in drawing and handwriting production. J. Biomech. 2008;41(1):40–46
  7. Furlong MJ. Torque's reliability: spinning in the wrong direciton?. J. Clin. Child Psychol. 1985;14(4):320–322
  8. Gamage SS, Lasenby J. New least squares solutions for estimating the average centre of rotation and the axis of rotation. J. Biomech. 2002;35(1):87–93
  9. Gorniak SL, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Hierarchical control of static prehension: II. Multi-digit synergies. Exp. Brain Res. 2009;194(1):1–15
  10. Holzreiter S. Calculation of the instantaneous centre of rotation for a rigid body. J. Biomech. 1991;24(7):643–647
  11. Hooke AW, Park J, Shim JK. The forces behind the words: development of the kinetic pen. J. Biomech. 2008;41(9):2060–2064
  12. Johansson RS, Flanagan JR. Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2009;10(5):345–359
  13. Kang N, Shinohara M, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Learning multi-finger synergies: an uncontrolled manifold analysis. Exp. Brain Res. 2004;157(3):336–350
  14. Latash, M.L., Stages in learning motor synergies: a view based on the equilibrium-point hypothesis. Hum. Mov. Sci., in press.
  15. Latash ML, Scholz JF, Danion F, Schoner G. Structure of motor variability in marginally redundant multifinger force production tasks. Exp. Brain Res. 2001;141(2):153–165
  16. Latash ML, Scholz JP, Schoner G. Toward a new theory of motor synergies. Mot. Control. 2007;11(3):276–308
  17. Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971;9(1):97–113
  18. Oliveira MA, Shim JK, Loss JF, Petersen RD, Clark JE. Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with dcd. Neurosci. Lett. 2006;410(1):42–46
  19. Scholz JP, Schoner G. The uncontrolled manifold concept: identifying control variables for a functional task. Exp. Brain Res. 1999;126(3):289–306
  20. Schöner G. Recent developments and problems in human movement science and their conceptual implications. Ecol. Psychol. 1995;7(4):291–314
  21. Shim JK, Hsu J, Karol S, Hurley BF. Strength training increases training-specific multifinger coordination in humans. Mot. Control. 2008;12(4):311–329
  22. Shim JK, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Prehension synergies: trial-to-trial variability and hierarchical organization of stable performance. Exp. Brain Res. 2003;152:173–184
  23. Shim JK, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Prehension synergies: trial-to-trial variability and principle of superposition during static prehension in three dimensions. J. Neurophysiol. 2005;93(6):3649–3658
  24. Shim JK, Lay BS, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Age-related changes in finger coordination in static prehension tasks. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004;97(1):213–224
  25. Shim JK, Olafsdottir H, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. The emergence and disappearance of multi-digit synergies during force production tasks. Exp. Brain Res. 2005;164(2):260–270
  26. Shinohara M, Scholz JP, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Finger interaction during accurate multi-finger force production tasks in young and elderly persons. Exp. Brain Res. 2004;156(3):282–292
  27. Valero-Cuevas FJ. An integrative approach to the biomechanical function and neuromuscular control of the fingers. J. Biomech. 2005;38(4):673–684
  28. Woods DJ, Oppenheimer KC. Torque, hemispheric dominance, and psychosocial adjustment. J. Abnormal Psychol. 1980;89(4):567–572
  29. Zendal IH, Pihl RO, Seidman BT. Torque's reliability: spinning in the wrong direction?. J. Clin. Child. Psychol. 2006;43(2):272–275
  30. Zhang W, Olafsdottir HB, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Mechanical analysis and hierarchies of multidigit synergies during accurate object rotation. Mot. Control. 2009;13(3):251–279
  31. Zhang W, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Finger synergies during multi-finger cyclic production of moment of force. Exp. Brain Res. 2007;177(2):243–254

PII: S0021-9290(10)00245-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.04.033

Journal of Biomechanics
Volume 43, Issue 12 , Pages 2249-2253 , 26 August 2010